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| Standard: | ASTM, JIS, GB, AISI, DIN |
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| Alloy Series | Key Alloy Elements | Crystal Structure | Core Properties | Typical Grades | Primary Applications |
| 300 Series (Austenitic) | Cr (16-26%), Ni (6-22%), C ≤ 0.08% | Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) | Excellent corrosion resistance, non-magnetic, high ductility, weldable, heat-resistant | 304, 304L, 316, 316L, 321 | Food processing equipment, medical instruments, architectural decoration, marine parts |
| 400 Series (Ferritic) | Cr (10.5-27%), C ≤ 0.25%, no/low Ni | Body-Centered Cubic (BCC) | Magnetic, good corrosion resistance (mild environments), cost-effective, poor weldability | 430, 410, 420, 444 | Kitchen utensils, automotive trim, decorative panels, industrial exhaust systems |
| 200 Series (Austenitic) | Cr (10-16%), Mn (5-10%), low Ni | Face-Centered Cubic (FCC) | Economical alternative to 300 series, good formability, limited corrosion resistance | 201, 202 | Low-cost decorative applications, hardware, non-critical structural parts |
| Duplex (2205/2507) | Cr (21-25%), Ni (4.5-6.5%), Mo (2-4%) | Austenitic-Ferritic (50-50%) | High strength (2x 304), excellent pitting corrosion resistance, fatigue resistance | 2205, 2507, S31803 | Offshore oil platforms, chemical storage tanks, desalination plants |
| Parameter Category | Typical Range (304/316) | Measurement Standard | Foreign Trade Notes |
| Thickness | 0.3mm - 20mm (cold rolled); 3mm - 100mm (hot rolled) | ASTM A480, EN 10088-2 | Tolerance: ±0.02mm (thin sheets); ±0.1mm (thick sheets); specify "actual thickness" if required |
| Width & Length | Width: 1000mm/1219mm/1500mm; Length: 2000mm/2438mm/3000mm (customizable) | ASTM A480, JIS G4305 | Consider container loading (e.g., 1219x2438mm fits 20ft containers) |
| Mechanical Properties (304 2B) | Tensile strength: ≥515MPa; Yield strength: ≥205MPa; Elongation: ≥40% | ASTM A240, EN 10088-1 | Provide MTR for high-end applications (medical, aerospace) |
| Corrosion Resistance | 304: Pass 48h NSS; 316: Pass 1000h NSS (with molybdenum enhancement) | ASTM B117, ISO 9227 | Specify 316L for chloride environments (coastal, chemical) |
| Chemical Composition (304) | Cr: 18-20%; Ni: 8-10.5%; C: ≤0.08%; Mn: ≤2.0% | ASTM A240, GB/T 3280 | Prevent "low-nickel" substitution (common quality issue in trade) |
| Common Issue | Root Cause | Preventive & Remedial Measures |
| Grade substitution (201 → 304) | Cost saving by suppliers; visual similarity between grades | 1. Require XRF on-site test; 2. Specify Cr/Ni content in contract; 3. Choose certified suppliers |
| Surface scratches during transport | Inadequate packaging, friction between sheets | 1. Use interlayer paper between sheets; 2. Fix pallets with steel straps; 3. Mark "handle with care" on packages |
| Corrosion during storage | Moisture, salt spray (coastal warehouses) | 1. Store in dry, ventilated warehouse; 2. Use vacuum packaging for long-term storage; 3. Regularly inspect and wipe with anti-rust oil |
| Dimensional deviation | Poor rolling precision, uneven cooling | 1. Specify tight tolerance in contract (e.g., ±0.03mm); 2. Request pre-shipment sample verification |
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